International non-governmental organisations (INGOs) are increasingly being a target for kidnap. Abducted from their humanitarian work, many hostages are held over varying periods of time, sometimes released through ransom payments or high-risk rescue. The provision of pre-deployment preparation, in field support and post mission debrief by INGOs has come under judicial scrutiny recently and set a precedent for litigation by humanitarian workers. Andrew Brown in this review article (2016) deals with those issues.